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J. Cell Biol.,
Volume 140, Number 6, March 23, 1998 1297-1306
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024
We examined the heterochromatic binding
of GAGA factor and proliferation disrupter (Prod)
proteins during the cell cycle in Drosophila melanogaster and sibling species. GAGA factor binding to the
brownDominant AG-rich satellite sequence insertion was
seen at metaphase, however, no binding of GAGA factor to AG-rich sequences was observed at interphase in
polytene or diploid nuclei. Comparable mitosis-specific binding was found for Prod protein to its target satellite
in pericentric heterochromatin. At interphase, these
proteins bind numerous dispersed sites in euchromatin,
indicating that they move from euchromatin to heterochromatin and back every cell cycle. The presence of
Prod in heterochromatin for a longer portion of the cell
cycle than GAGA factor suggests that they cycle between euchromatin and heterochromatin independently. We propose that movement of GAGA factor
and Prod from high affinity sites in euchromatin occurs
upon condensation of metaphase chromosomes. Upon
decondensation, GAGA factor and Prod shift from low
affinity sites within satellite DNA back to euchromatic
sites as a self-assembly process.
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