A Putative Catenin-Cadherin System Mediates Morphogenesis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo

doi:10.1083/jcb.141.1.297

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J. Cell Biol., Volume 141, Number 1, April 6, 1998 297-308

A Putative Catenin-Cadherin System Mediates Morphogenesis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo

Michael Costa,^* William Raich, Cristina Agbunag,^* Ben Leung,^*^¶ Jeff Hardin,^§ and James R. Priess^*^¶^**

^* Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, ^§ Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and ^¶ Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, ^** Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195

During morphogenesis of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, hypodermal (or epidermal) cells migrate to enclose the embryo inan epithelium and, subsequently, change shape coordinately toelongate the body (Priess, J.R., and D.I. Hirsh. 1986. Dev. Biol.117:156- 173; Williams-Masson, E.M., A.N. Malik, and J. Hardin.1997. Development [Camb.]. 124:2889-2901). We have isolated mutantsdefective in morphogenesis that identify three genes requiredfor both cell migration during body enclosure and cell shape changeduring body elongation. Analyses of hmp-1, hmp-2, and hmr-1 mutantssuggest that products of these genes anchor contractile actinfilament bundles at the adherens junctions between hypodermalcells and, thereby, transmit the force of bundle contraction intocell shape change. The protein products of all three genes localizeto hypodermal adherens junctions in embryos. The sequences ofthe predicted HMP-1, HMP-2, and HMR-1 proteins are related tothe cell adhesion proteins $alpha$ -catenin, $beta$ -catenin/Armadillo, andclassical cadherin, respectively. This putative catenin-cadherinsystem is not essential for general cell adhesion in the C. elegansembryo, but rather mediates specific aspects of morphogeneticcell shape change and cytoskeletal organization.

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