Regulation of Endosome Sorting by a Specific PP2A Isoform

doi:10.1083/jcb.142.6.1399

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J. Cell Biol., Volume 142, Number 6, September 21, 1998 1399-1411

Regulation of Endosome Sorting by a Specific PP2A Isoform

Sean S. Molloy,^* Laurel Thomas,^* Craig Kamibayashi, Marc C. Mumby, and Gary Thomas^*

^* Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201; and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235

The regulated sorting of proteins within the trans-Golgi network (TGN)/endosomal system is a key determinant of their biologicalactivity in vivo. For example, the endoprotease furin activatesof a wide range of proproteins in multiple compartments withinthe TGN/endosomal system. Phosphorylation of its cytosolic domainby casein kinase II (CKII) promotes the localization of furinto the TGN and early endosomes whereas dephosphorylation is requiredfor efficient transport between these compartments (Jones, B.G.,L. Thomas, S.S. Molloy, C.D. Thulin, M.D. Fry, K.A. Walsh, andG. Thomas. 1995. EMBO [Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.] J. 14:5869-5883).Here we show that phosphorylated furin molecules internalizedfrom the cell surface are retained in a local cycling loop betweenearly endosomes and the plasma membrane. This cycling loop requiresthe phosphorylation state-dependent furin-sorting protein PACS-1,and mirrors the trafficking pathway described recently for theTGN localization of furin (Wan, L., S.S. Molloy, L. Thomas, G.Liu, Y. Xiang, S.L. Ryback, and G. Thomas. 1998. Cell. 94:205-216).We also demonstrate a novel role for protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)in regulating protein localization in the TGN/endosomal system.Using baculovirus recombinants expressing individual PP2A subunits,we show that the dephosphorylation of furin in vitro requiresheterotrimeric phosphatase containing B family regulatory subunits.The importance of this PP2A isoform in directing the routing offurin from early endosomes to the TGN was established using SV-40small t antigen as a diagnostic tool in vivo. The role of bothCKII and PP2A in controlling multiple sorting steps in the TGN/endosomalsystem indicates that the distribution of itinerant membrane proteinsmay be acutely regulated via signal transduction pathways.

Key words: furin; endosome; PP2A; sorting; PACS-1

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