J. Cell Biol., Volume 143, Number 4, November 16, 1998 1101-1112

Identification of a Bipotential Precursor Cell in Hepatic Cell Lines Derived from Transgenic Mice Expressing Cyto-Met in the Liver

Francesca M. Spagnoli,^* Laura Amicone, Marco Tripodi, and Mary C. Weiss^*

^* Unité de Génétique de la Différenciation, URA 1773 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; and  Fondazione "Instituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti," Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Università La Sapienza, 00161 Roma, Italy

Met murine hepatocyte (MMH) lines were established from livers of transgenic mice expressing constitutively active human Met. These lines harbor two cell types: epithelial cells resembling the parental populations and flattened cells with multiple projections and a dispersed growth habit that are designated palmate. Epithelial cells express the liver-enriched transcription factors HNF4 and HNF1, and proteins associated with epithelial cell differentiation. Treatments that modulate their differentiation state, including acidic FGF, induce hepatic functions. Palmate cells show none of these properties. However, they can differentiate along the hepatic cell lineage, giving rise to: (a) epithelial cells that express hepatic transcription factors and are competent to express hepatic functions; (b) bile duct-like structures in three-dimensional Matrigel cultures. Derivation of epithelial from palmate cells is confirmed by characterization of the progeny of individually fished cells. Furthermore, karyotype analysis confirms the direction of the phenotypic transition: palmate cells are diploid and the epithelial cells are hypotetraploid. The clonal isolation of the palmate cell, an immortalized nontransformed bipotential cell that does not yet express the liver-enriched transcription factors and is a precursor of the epithelial-hepatocyte in MMH lines, provides a new tool for the study of mechanisms controlling liver development.

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