J. Cell Biol., Volume 143, Number 4, November 16, 1998 957-971

Syntaxin 13 Mediates Cycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins via Tubulovesicular Recycling Endosomes

Rytis Prekeris,^* Judith Klumperman, Yu A. Chen,^* and Richard H. Scheller^*

^* Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5428; and  Medical School, University of Utrecht, Institute for Biomembranes, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands

Endocytosis-mediated recycling of plasma membrane is a critical vesicle trafficking step important in diverse biological processes. The membrane trafficking decisions and sorting events take place in a series of heterogeneous and highly dynamic organelles, the endosomes. Syntaxin 13, a recently discovered member of the syntaxin family, has been suggested to play a role in mediating endosomal trafficking. To better understand the function of syntaxin 13 we examined its intracellular distribution in nonpolarized cells. By confocal immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, syntaxin 13 is primarily found in tubular early and recycling endosomes, where it colocalizes with transferrin receptor. Additional labeling is also present in endosomal vacuoles, where it is often found in clathrin-coated membrane areas. Furthermore, anti-syntaxin 13 antibody inhibits transferrin receptor recycling in permeabilized PC12 cells. Immunoprecipitation of syntaxin 13 revealed that, in Triton X-100 extracts, syntaxin 13 is present in a complex(es) comprised of SNAP, VAMP 2/3, and SNAP-25. This complex(es) binds exogenously added SNAP and NSF and dissociates in the presence of ATP, but not ATPS. These results support a role for syntaxin 13 in membrane fusion events during the recycling of plasma membrane proteins.

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