AIR-2: An Aurora/Ipl1-related Protein Kinase Associated with Chromosomes and Midbody Microtubules Is Required for Polar Body Extrusion and Cytokinesis in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryos

doi:10.1083/jcb.143.6.1635

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J. Cell Biol., Volume 143, Number 6, December 14, 1998 1635-1646

AIR-2: An Aurora/Ipl1-related Protein Kinase Associated with Chromosomes and Midbody Microtubules Is Required for Polar Body Extrusion and Cytokinesis in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryos

Jill M. Schumacher,^* Andy Golden, and Peter J. Donovan^*

^* Cell Biology of Development and Differentiation Group and Developmental Signal Transduction Group, ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702

An emerging family of kinases related to the Drosophila Aurora and budding yeast Ipl1 proteins has been implicated in chromosomesegregation and mitotic spindle formation in a number of organisms.Unlike other Aurora/Ipl1-related kinases, the Caenorhabditis elegansorthologue, AIR-2, is associated with meiotic and mitotic chromosomes.AIR-2 is initially localized to the chromosomes of the most matureprophase I-arrested oocyte residing next to the spermatheca. Thislocalization is dependent on the presence of sperm in the spermatheca.After fertilization, AIR-2 remains associated with chromosomesduring each meiotic division. However, during both meiotic anaphases,AIR-2 is present between the separating chromosomes. AIR-2 alsoremains associated with both extruded polar bodies. In the embryo,AIR-2 is found on metaphase chromosomes, moves to midbody microtubulesat anaphase, and then persists at the cytokinesis remnant. Disruptionof AIR-2 expression by RNA- mediated interference produces entirebroods of one-cell embryos that have executed multiple cell cyclesin the complete absence of cytokinesis. The embryos accumulatelarge amounts of DNA and microtubule asters. Polar bodies arenot extruded, but remain in the embryo where they continue toreplicate. The cytokinesis defect appears to be late in the cellcycle because transient cleavage furrows initiate at the properlocation, but regress before the division is complete. Additionally,staining with a marker of midbody microtubules revealed that atleast some of the components of the midbody are not well localizedin the absence of AIR-2 activity. Our results suggest that duringeach meiotic and mitotic division, AIR-2 may coordinate the congressionof metaphase chromosomes with the subsequent events of polar bodyextrusion and cytokinesis.

Key words: cytokinesis; Aurora; chromosomes; meiosis; polar bodies; RNAi

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