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J. Cell Biol.,
Volume 144, Number 3, February 8, 1999 519-532
-catenin, an Adhesive Junction-associated Protein Which
Promotes Cell Scattering


* Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and The classical adherens junction that holds
epithelial cells together consists of a protein complex in
which members of the cadherin family linked to various
catenins are the principal components.
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina 27599-3280
-catenin is a
mammalian brain protein in the Armadillo repeat superfamily with sequence similarity to the adherens
junction protein p120ctn. We found that
-catenin can
be immunoprecipitated as a complex with other components of the adherens junction, including cadherin and
-catenin, from transfected cells and brain. The interaction with cadherin involves direct contact within
the highly conserved juxtamembrane region of the
COOH terminus, where p120ctn also binds. In developing mouse brain, staining with
-catenin antibodies is
prominent towards the apical boundary of the neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone. When transfected
into Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial
cells
-catenin colocalized with cadherin, p120ctn, and
-catenin. The Arm domain alone was sufficient for
achieving localization and coimmunoprecipitation with
cadherin. The ectopic expression of
-catenin in
MDCK cells altered their morphology, induced the
elaboration of lamellipodia, interfered with monolayer formation, and increased scattering in response to
hepatocyte growth factor treatment. We propose that
-catenin can regulate adhesion molecules to implement the organization of large cellular arrays necessary
for tissue morphogenesis.
-catenin;
armadillo;
adhesive junctions;
cell motility;
neural development
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