J. Cell Biol., Volume 144, Number 6, March 22, 1999 1311-1322

Functional Domains of -Catenin Required for the Strong State of Cadherin-based Cell Adhesion

Yuzo Imamura, Masahiko Itoh, Yoshito Maeno, Shoichiro Tsukita, and Akira Nagafuchi

Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan

The interaction of cadherin-catenin complex with the actin-based cytoskeleton through -catenin is indispensable for cadherin-based cell adhesion activity. We reported previously that E-cadherin--catenin fusion molecules showed cell adhesion and cytoskeleton binding activities when expressed in nonepithelial L cells. Here, we constructed deletion mutants of E-cadherin--catenin fusion molecules lacking various domains of -catenin and introduced them into L cells. Detailed analysis identified three distinct functional domains of -catenin: a vinculin/-actinin-binding domain, a ZO-1-binding domain, and an adhesion-modulation domain. Furthermore, cell dissociation assay revealed that the fusion molecules containing the ZO-1-binding domain in addition to the adhesion-modulation domain conferred the strong state of cell adhesion activity on transfectants, although those lacking the ZO-1-binding domain conferred only the weak state. The disorganization of actin-based cytoskeleton by cytochalasin D treatment shifted the cadherin-based cell adhesion from the strong to the weak state. In the epithelial cells, where -catenin was not precisely colocalized with ZO-1, the ZO-1-binding domain did not completely support the strong state of cell adhesion activity. Our studies showed that the interaction of -catenin with the actin-based cytoskeleton through the ZO-1-binding domain is required for the strong state of E-cadherin-based cell adhesion activity.

-catenin;  ZO-1;  vinculin;  E-cadherin;  adhesion

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