The Maize tha4 Gene Functions in Sec-Independent Protein Transport in Chloroplasts and Is Related to hcf106, tatA, and tatB

doi:10.1083/jcb.147.2.267

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/1999/10/267/ $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 147, Number 2, October 18, 1999 267-276

Original Article

The Maize tha4 Gene Functions in Sec-Independent Protein Transport in Chloroplasts and Is Related to hcf106, tatA, and tatB

Macie B. Walker^a, Laura M. Roy^a, Eric Coleman^a, Rodger Voelker^a, and Alice Barkan^a
^a Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403

Correspondence to: Alice Barkan, University of Oregon, Institute of Molecular Biology, 1370 Franklin Boulevard, Klamath 297, Eugene, OR 97403. Tel:(541) 346-5145 Fax:(541) 346-5891 E-mail:abarkan{at}molbio.uoregon.edu.

Proteins are translocated across the chloroplast thylakoid membraneby a variety of mechanisms. Some proteins engage a translocationmachinery that is derived from the bacterial Sec export systemand require an interaction with a chloroplast-localized SecAhomologue. Other proteins engage a machinery that is SecA-independent,but requires a transmembrane pH gradient. Recently, a counterpartto this ${Delta}$ pH mechanism was discovered in bacteria. Genetic studiesrevealed that one maize protein involved in this mechanism,HCF106, is related in both structure and function to the bacterialtatA and tatB gene products. We describe here the mutant phenotypeand molecular cloning of a second maize gene that functionsin the ${Delta}$ pH mechanism. This gene, thylakoid assembly 4 (tha4),is required specifically for the translocation of proteins thatengage the ${Delta}$ pH pathway. The sequence of the tha4 gene productresembles those of the maize hcf106 gene and the bacterial tatAand tatB genes. Sequence comparisons suggest that tha4 moreclosely resembles tatA, and hcf106 more closely resembles tatB.These findings support the notion that this sec-independenttranslocation mechanism has been highly conserved during theevolution of eucaryotic organelles from bacterial endosymbionts.

Key Words: protein export, thylakoid, Mutator, maize, Sec-independent

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