Nuclear Import of Histone H2A and H2B Is Mediated by a Network of Karyopherins

doi:10.1083/jcb.153.2.251

Published online 9 April 2001. doi:10.1083/jcb.153.2.251

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/2001/4/251/ $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 153, Number 2, April 16, 2001 251-262

Original Article

Nuclear Import of Histone H2A and H2B Is Mediated by a Network of Karyopherins

Nima Mosammaparast^a, Kelley R. Jackson^a, Yurong Guo^b, Cynthia J. Brame^b, Jeffrey Shabanowitz^b, Donald F. Hunt^b,c, and Lucy F. Pemberton^a
^a Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Health Sciences Center,
^b Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
^c Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908

Correspondence to: Lucy F. Pemberton, Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800577, Charlottesville, VA 22908. Tel:(804) 243-6737 Fax:(804) 924-1236 E-mail:lfp2n{at}virginia.edu.

The first step in the assembly of new chromatin is the cellcycle–regulated synthesis and nuclear import of core histones.The core histones include H2A and H2B, which are assembled intonucleosomes as heterodimers. We show here that the import ofhistone H2A and H2B is mediated by several members of the karyopherin(Kap; importin) family. An abundant complex of H2A, H2B, andKap114p was detected in cytosol. In addition, two other Kaps,Kap121p and Kap123p, and the histone chaperone Nap1p were isolatedwith H2A and H2B. Nap1p is not necessary for the formation ofthe Kap114p-H2A/H2B complex or for import of H2A and H2B. Wedemonstrate that both histones contain a nuclear localizationsequence (NLS) in the amino-terminal tail. Fusions of the NLSsto green fluorescent protein were specifically mislocalizedto the cytoplasm in kap mutant strains. In addition, we detecteda specific mislocalization in a kap95 temperature-sensitivestrain, suggesting that this Kap is also involved in the importof H2A and H2B in vivo. Importantly, we show that Kap114p, Kap121p,and Kap95 interact directly with both histone NLSs and thatRanGTP inhibits this association. These data suggest that theimport of H2A and H2B is mediated by a network of Kaps, in whichKap114p may play the major role.

Key Words: yeast, nuclear import, karyopherin, histone, nuclear localizationsignal

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