Original Article

The Orphan Nuclear Estrogen Receptor–related Receptor (ERR) Is Expressed throughout Osteoblast Differentiation and Regulates Bone Formation In Vitro

Correspondence to: J.E. Aubin, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Rm. 6255, Medical Sciences Bldg., 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Tel:(416) 978-4220 Fax:(416) 978-3954 E-mail:jane.aubin{at}utoronto.ca.

The orphan nuclear estrogen receptor–related receptor (ERR), is expressed by many cell types, but is very highly expressed by osteoblastic cells in which it transactivates at least one osteoblast-associated gene, osteopontin. To study the putative involvement of ERR in bone, we first assessed its expression in rat calvaria (RC) in vivo and in RC cells in vitro. ERR mRNA and protein were expressed at all developmental stages from early osteoprogenitors to bone-forming osteoblasts, but protein was most abundant in mature cuboidal osteoblasts. To assess a functional role for ERR in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, we blocked its expression by antisense oligonucleotides in either proliferating or differentiating RC cell cultures and found inhibition of cell growth and a proliferation-independent inhibition of differentiation. On the other hand, ERR overexpression in RC cells increased differentiation and maturation of progenitors to mature bone-forming cells. Our findings show that ERR is highly expressed throughout the osteoblast developmental sequence and plays a physiological role in differentiation and bone formation at both proliferation and differentiation stages. In addition, we found that manipulation of receptor levels in the absence of known ligand is a fruitful approach for functional analysis of this orphan receptor and identification of potential target genes.

Key Words: osteoblasts, bone, nuclear receptor, estrogen related, differentiation

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