Published online 16 December 2002. doi:10.1083/jcb.200207149
© The Rockefeller University Press,
0021-9525/2002/12/1019 $5.00
The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 159, Number 6, 1019-1028
Activation of nuclear factor-
B is necessary for myotrophin-induced cardiac hypertrophy
Sudhiranjan Gupta1,
Nicole H. Purcell2,
Anning Lin2 and
Subha Sen1
1 Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
2 Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
Address correspondence to Subha Sen, Department of Molecular Cardiology (NB 50), The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195. Tel.: (216) 444-2056. Fax: (216) 444-3110. E-mail: sens{at}ccf.org
The transcription factor nuclear factor-
B (NF-
B) regulates expression of a variety of genes involved in immune responses, inflammation, proliferation, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Here, we show that in rat neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes, activation of NF-
B is involved in the hypertrophic response induced by myotrophin, a hypertrophic activator identified from spontaneously hypertensive rat heart and cardiomyopathic human hearts. Myotrophin treatment stimulated NF-
B nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, accompanied by I
B-
phosphorylation and degradation. Consistently, myotrophin-induced NF-
B activation was enhanced by wild-type I
B kinase (IKK) ß and abolished by the dominant-negative IKKß or a general PKC inhibitor, calphostin C. Importantly, myotrophin-induced expression of two hypertrophic genes (atrial natriuretic factor [ANF] and c-myc) and also enhanced protein synthesis were partially inhibited by a potent NF-
B inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithio-carbamate (PDTC), and calphostin C. Expression of the dominant-negative form of I
B-
or IKKß also partially inhibited the transcriptional activity of ANF induced by myotrophin. These findings suggest that the PKCIKKNF-
B pathway may play a critical role in mediating the myotrophin-induced hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes.
Key Words: myotrophin; NF-
B; PKC; cardiac hypertrophy; signal transduction

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