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Published 17 February 2004. doi:10.1083/jcb.200310059
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 164, Number 4, 487-492
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 Greatwall kinase : a nuclear protein required for proper chromosome condensation and mitotic progression in Drosophila



Jiangtao Yu1, Shawna L. Fleming2, Byron Williams1, Erika V. Williams1, ZeXiao Li1, Patrizia Somma4, Conly L. Rieder2,3, and Michael L. Goldberg1

1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
2 Division of Molecular Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
4 Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy

Address correspondence to Michael L. Goldberg, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703. Tel.: (607) 254-4802. Fax: (607) 255-6249. email: MLG11{at}cornell.edu

Mutations in the Drosophila gene greatwall cause improper chromosome condensation and delay cell cycle progression in larval neuroblasts. Chromosomes are highly undercondensed, particularly in the euchromatin, but nevertheless contain phosphorylated histone H3, condensin, and topoisomerase II. Cells take much longer to transit the period of chromosome condensation from late G2 through nuclear envelope breakdown. Mutant cells are also subsequently delayed at metaphase, due to spindle checkpoint activity. These mutant phenotypes are not caused by spindle aberrations, by global defects in chromosome replication, or by activation of a caffeine-sensitive checkpoint. The Greatwall proteins in insects and vertebrates are located in the nucleus and belong to the AGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases; the kinase domain of Greatwall is interrupted by a long stretch of unrelated amino acids.

Key Words: Drosophila; cell cycle; kinase; chromosome condensation; nuclear protein

The online version of this article includes supplemental material.

Abbreviations used in this paper: dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; gwl, greatwall; NEB, nuclear envelope breakdown; RNAi, RNA interference.


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