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Published online 22 February 2005. doi:10.1083/jcb.200412074
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 168, Number 5, 801-812
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Article

 A Sec14p-nodulin domain phosphatidylinositol transfer protein polarizes membrane growth of Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs

Patrick Vincent1, Michael Chua2, Fabien Nogue3, Ashley Fairbrother1, Hal Mekeel1, Yue Xu4, Nina Allen4, Tatiana N. Bibikova5, Simon Gilroy5, and Vytas A. Bankaitis1

1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Michael Hooker Microscopy Facility, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
2 Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Michael Hooker Microscopy Facility, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
3 Station de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78026 Versailles-Grignon, France
4 Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
5 Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802

Correspondence to Vytas A. Bankaitis: vytas{at}med.unc.edu; or Patrick Vincent: patrick_vincent{at}med.unc.edu

Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) transfer proteins (PITPs) regulate signaling interfaces between lipid metabolism and membrane trafficking. Herein, we demonstrate that AtSfh1p, a member of a large and uncharacterized Arabidopsis thaliana Sec14p-nodulin domain family, is a PITP that regulates a specific stage in root hair development. AtSfh1p localizes along the root hair plasma membrane and is enriched in discrete plasma membrane domains and in the root hair tip cytoplasm. This localization pattern recapitulates that visualized for PtdIns(4,5)P2 in developing root hairs. Gene ablation experiments show AtSfh1p nullizygosity compromises polarized root hair expansion in a manner that coincides with loss of tip-directed PtdIns(4,5)P2, dispersal of secretory vesicles from the tip cytoplasm, loss of the tip f-actin network, and manifest disorganization of the root hair microtubule cytoskeleton. Derangement of tip-directed Ca2+ gradients is also apparent and results from isotropic influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular milieu. We propose AtSfh1p regulates intracellular and plasma membrane phosphoinositide polarity landmarks that focus membrane trafficking, Ca2+ signaling, and cytoskeleton functions to the growing root hair apex. We further suggest that Sec14p-nodulin domain proteins represent a family of regulators of polarized membrane growth in plants.

Abbreviations used in this paper: ESEM, environmental scanning EM; GUS, ß-glucuronidase; LBD, lipid binding domain; MT, microtubule; PH, pleckstrin homology; PIP, phosphoinositide; PITP, PtdIns transfer protein; PLC{delta}1, phospholipase C{delta}1; PLD, phospholipase D; PtdCho, phosphatidylcholine; PtdIns, phosphatidylinositol; PtdOH, phosphatidic acid; SIET, scanning ion-selective electrode technique; VRZ, vesicle-rich zone.


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