Published online 16 May 2005. doi:10.1083/jcb.200412024
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 169, Number 4, 555-560
Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling transmitted by ATF6 mediates apoptosis during muscle development
Keiko Nakanishi1,2,4,
Tatsuhiko Sudo1,3, and
Nobuhiro Morishima1,2
1 Bioarchitect Research Group, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
2 Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
3 Antibiotics Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
4 Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Correspondence to Nobuhiro Morishima: morishim{at}riken.jp
Abstract
Although apoptosis occurs during myogenesis, its mechanism of initiation remains unknown. In a culture model, we demonstrate activation of caspase-12, the initiator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-specific caspase cascade, during apoptosis associated with myoblast differentiation. Induction of ER stress-responsive proteins (BiP and CHOP) was also observed in both apoptotic and differentiating cells. ATF6, but not other ER stress sensors, was specifically activated during apoptosis in myoblasts, suggesting that partial but selective activation of ER stress signaling was sufficient for induction of apoptosis. Activation of caspase-12 was also detected in developing muscle of mouse embryos and gradually disappeared later. CHOP was also transiently induced. These results suggest that specific ER stress signaling transmitted by ATF6 leads to naturally occurring apoptosis during muscle development.
Abbreviations used in this paper: AEBSF, 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride; DM, differentiation medium; E, embryonic day; p-APMSF, 4-amidinophenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride; UPR, unfolded protein response.

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