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Published 18 July 2005. doi:10.1083/jcb.200501093
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 170, Number 2, 249-260
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Article

 SNAREs can promote complete fusion and hemifusion as alternative outcomes

Claudio G. Giraudo1, Chuan Hu1, Daoqi You3, Avram M. Slovic1, Eugene V. Mosharov2, David Sulzer2, Thomas J. Melia1, and James E. Rothman1

1 Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
2 Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
3 Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Long Island City, NY 11101

Correspondence to James E. Rothman: jr2269{at}columbia.edu

Using a cell fusion assay, we show here that in addition to complete fusion SNAREs also promote hemifusion as an alternative outcome. Approximately 65% of events resulted in full fusion, and the remaining 35% in hemifusion; of those, approximately two thirds were permanent and approximately one third were reversible. We predict that this relatively close balance among outcomes could be tipped by binding of regulatory proteins to the SNAREs, allowing for dynamic physiological regulation between full fusion and reversible kiss-and-run–like events.

C.G. Giraudo and C. Hu contributed equally to this paper.

Abbreviations used in this paper: CMFDA, 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; PI-PLC, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C; TMD, transmembrane domain.


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