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Published 18 July 2005. doi:10.1083/jcb.200502063
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 170, Number 2, 261-272
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Article

Depalmitoylated Ras traffics to and from the Golgi complex via a nonvesicular pathway

J. Shawn Goodwin1, Kimberly R. Drake1, Carl Rogers1, Latasha Wright3, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz2, Mark R. Philips3, and Anne K. Kenworthy1,2

1 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
2 Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 21218
3 Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016

Correspondence to Anne Kenworthy: anne.kenworthy{at}vanderbilt.edu

Palmitoylation is postulated to regulate Ras signaling by modulating its intracellular trafficking and membrane microenvironment. The mechanisms by which palmitoylation contributes to these events are poorly understood. Here, we show that dynamic turnover of palmitate regulates the intracellular trafficking of HRas and NRas to and from the Golgi complex by shifting the protein between vesicular and nonvesicular modes of transport. A combination of time-lapse microscopy and photobleaching techniques reveal that in the absence of palmitoylation, GFP-tagged HRas and NRas undergo rapid exchange between the cytosol and ER/Golgi membranes, and that wild-type GFP-HRas and GFP-NRas are recycled to the Golgi complex by a nonvesicular mechanism. Our findings support a model where palmitoylation kinetically traps Ras on membranes, enabling the protein to undergo vesicular transport. We propose that a cycle of depalmitoylation and repalmitoylation regulates the time course and sites of Ras signaling by allowing the protein to be released from the cell surface and rapidly redistributed to intracellular membranes.

Abbreviations used in this paper: 2BP, 2-bromo-palmitate; CTXB, cholera toxin B subunit; FCS, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; Mf, mobile fraction; {tau}D, correlation time; PAT, palmitoyl acyl transferase.


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