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Published online 27 December 2005. doi:10.1083/jcb.200508044
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 172, Number 1, 91-102
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Article

 Pax3 and Pax7 have distinct and overlapping functions in adult muscle progenitor cells

Frédéric Relaix1, Didier Montarras1, Stéphane Zaffran1, Barbara Gayraud-Morel2, Didier Rocancourt1, Shahragim Tajbakhsh2, Ahmed Mansouri4, Ana Cumano3, and Margaret Buckingham1

1 Unité de Génétique Moléculaire du Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2578, Département de Biologie du Développement
2 Groupe de Cellules Souches et Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2578, Département de Biologie du Développement
3 Unite de Biologie Moleculaire du Gene, Département d'Immunologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U277, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
4 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

Correspondence to Margaret Buckingham: margab{at}pasteur.fr

The growth and repair of skeletal muscle after birth depends on satellite cells that are characterized by the expression of Pax7. We show that Pax3, the paralogue of Pax7, is also present in both quiescent and activated satellite cells in many skeletal muscles. Dominant-negative forms of both Pax3 and -7 repress MyoD, but do not interfere with the expression of the other myogenic determination factor, Myf5, which, together with Pax3/7, regulates the myogenic differentiation of these cells. In Pax7 mutants, satellite cells are progressively lost in both Pax3-expressing and -nonexpressing muscles. We show that this is caused by satellite cell death, with effects on the cell cycle. Manipulation of the dominant-negative forms of these factors in satellite cell cultures demonstrates that Pax3 cannot replace the antiapoptotic function of Pax7. These findings underline the importance of cell survival in controlling the stem cell populations of adult tissues and demonstrate a role for upstream factors in this context.

F. Relaix and D. Montarras contributed equally to this paper.

Abbreviations used in this paper: ß-galactosidase, ß-gal; PI, propidium iodide.


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