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Published 30 January 2006. doi:10.1083/jcb.200509174
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 172, Number 3, 469-478
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Article

 Evolution of a neuroprotective function of central nervous system myelin

Xinghua Yin1, Rena C. Baek2, Daniel A. Kirschner2, Alan Peterson3, Yasuhisa Fujii1, Klaus-Armin Nave4, Wendy B. Macklin1, and Bruce D. Trapp1

1 Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
2 Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
3 Laboratory of Developmental Biology/Molecular Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2T5
4 Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany

Correspondence to Bruce D. Trapp: trappb{at}ccf.org

The central nervous system (CNS) of terrestrial vertebrates underwent a prominent molecular change when a tetraspan membrane protein, myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), replaced the type I integral membrane protein, P0, as the major protein of myelin. To investigate possible reasons for this molecular switch, we genetically engineered mice to express P0 instead of PLP in CNS myelin. In the absence of PLP, the ancestral P0 provided a periodicity to mouse compact CNS myelin that was identical to mouse PNS myelin, where P0 is the major structural protein today. The PLP–P0 shift resulted in reduced myelin internode length, degeneration of myelinated axons, severe neurological disability, and a 50% reduction in lifespan. Mice with equal amounts of P0 and PLP in CNS myelin had a normal lifespan and no axonal degeneration. These data support the hypothesis that the P0–PLP shift during vertebrate evolution provided a vital neuroprotective function to myelin-forming CNS glia.

Abbreviations used in this paper: APP, amyloid precursor protein; CNP, 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phoshodiesterase; CNS, central nervous system; MAG, myelin-associated glycoprotein; MBP, myelin basic protein; P, postnatal day; PLP, myelin proteolipid protein; PNS, peripheral nervous system; WT, wild-type.


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