Published 9 October 2006. doi:10.1083/jcb.200512116
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 175, Number 1, 169-178
Transient anchorage of cross-linked glycosyl-phosphatidylinositolanchored proteins depends on cholesterol, Src family kinases, caveolin, and phosphoinositides
Yun Chen1,3,
William R. Thelin1,
Bing Yang1,
Sharon L. Milgram1, and
Ken Jacobson1,2
1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 2 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
Correspondence to Ken Jacobson: frap{at}med.unc.edu
How outer leaflet plasma membrane components, including glycosyl-phosphatidylinositolanchored proteins (GPIAPs), transmit signals to the cell interior is an open question in membrane biology. By deliberately cross-linking several GPIAPs under antibody-conjugated 40-nm gold particles, transient anchorage of the gold particleinduced clusters of both Thy-1 and CD73, a 5' exonucleotidase, occurred for periods ranging from 300 ms to 10 s in fibroblasts. Transient anchorage was abolished by cholesterol depletion, addition of the Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor PP2, or in Src-Yes-Fyn knockout cells. Caveolin-1 knockout cells exhibited a reduced transient anchorage time, suggesting the partial participation of caveolin-1. In contrast, a transmembrane protein, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, exhibited transient anchorage that occurred without deliberately enhanced cross-linking; moreover, it was only slightly inhibited by cholesterol depletion or SFK inhibition and depended completely on the interaction of its PDZ-binding domain with the cytoskeletal adaptor EBP50. We propose that cross-linked GPIAPs become transiently anchored via a cholesterol-dependent SFK-regulatable linkage between a transmembrane cluster sensor and the cytoskeleton.
Abbreviations used in this paper: Cbp, C-terminal Src kinasebinding protein; CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; GPIAP, glycosyl-phosphatidylinositolanchored protein; RAT, relative anchorage time; RCT, relative confinement time; SFK, Src family kinase; SPT, single-particle tracking; SV40, Simian virus 40; TCZ, transient confinement zone.

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