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Published online February 4, 2008
doi:10.1083/jcb.200706154
The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 180, No. 3, 549-561
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $30.00
© 2008 Campbell et al.
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Article

 Visualization of a proteasome-independent intermediate during restriction of HIV-1 by rhesus TRIM5{alpha}

Edward M. Campbell1, Omar Perez2, Jenny L. Anderson1, and Thomas J. Hope1

1 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612

Correspondence to Thomas J. Hope: thope{at}northwestern.edu

TRIM5 proteins constitute a class of restriction factors that prevent host cell infection by retroviruses from different species. TRIM5{alpha} restricts retroviral infection early after viral entry, before the generation of viral reverse transcription products. However, the underlying restriction mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we show that during rhesus macaque TRIM5{alpha} (rhTRIM5{alpha})–mediated restriction of HIV-1 infection, cytoplasmic HIV-1 viral complexes can associate with concentrations of TRIM5{alpha} protein termed cytoplasmic bodies. We observe a dynamic interaction between rhTRIM5{alpha} and cytoplasmic HIV-1 viral complexes, including the de novo formation of rhTRIM5{alpha} cytoplasmic body–like structures around viral complexes. We observe that proteasome inhibition allows HIV-1 to remain stably sequestered into large rhTRIM5{alpha} cytoplasmic bodies, preventing the clearance of HIV-1 viral complexes from the cytoplasm and revealing an intermediate in the restriction process. Furthermore, we can measure no loss of capsid protein from viral complexes arrested at this intermediate step in restriction, suggesting that any rhTRIM5{alpha}-mediated loss of capsid protein requires proteasome activity.

E.M. Campbell and O. Perez contributed equally to this paper.

Abbreviations used in this paper: BafA, bafilomycin A; PIC, preintegration complex; rhTRIM5{alpha}, rhesus macaque TRIM5{alpha}; RT, reverse transcription; VSV-G, vesicular stomatitis virus G.


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