The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol 97, 902-908, Copyright © 1983 by The Rockefeller University Press

ARTICLES

Outer doublet heterogeneity reveals structural polarity related to beat direction in Chlamydomonas flagella

HJ Hoops and GB Witman

Analysis of serial cross-sections of the Chlamydomonas flagellum reveals several structural asymmetries in the axoneme. One doublet lacks the outer dynein arm, has a beak-like projection in its B-tubule, and bears a two-part bridge that extends from the A-tubule of this doublet to the B-tubule of the adjacent doublet. The two doublets directly opposite the doublet lacking the arm have beak-like projections in their B-tubules. These asymmetries always occur in the same doublets from section to section, indicating that certain doublets have consistent morphological specializations. These unique doublets give the axoneme an inherent structural polarity. All three specializations are present in the proximal portion of the axoneme; based on their frequency in random cross-sections of isolated axonemes, the two-part bridge and the beak-like projections are present in the proximal one quarter and one half of the axoneme, respectively, and the outer arm is absent from the one doublet greater than 90% of the axoneme's length. The outer arm-less doublet of each flagellum faces the other flagellum, indicating that each axoneme has the same rotational orientation relative to the direction of its effective stroke. This strongly suggests that the direction of the effective stroke is controlled by a structural component within the axoneme. The striated fibers are associated with specific triplets in a manner suggesting that they play a role in setting up or maintaining the 180 degrees rotational symmetry of the two flagella.
CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Liu, Z., Takazaki, H., Nakazawa, Y., Sakato, M., Yagi, T., Yasunaga, T., King, S. M., Kamiya, R. (2008). Partially Functional Outer-Arm Dynein in a Novel Chlamydomonas Mutant Expressing a Truncated {gamma} Heavy Chain. Eukaryot Cell 7: 1136-1145 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hou, Y., Qin, H., Follit, J. A., Pazour, G. J., Rosenbaum, J. L., Witman, G. B. (2007). Functional analysis of an individual IFT protein: IFT46 is required for transport of outer dynein arms into flagella. JCB 176: 653-665 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lechtreck, K.-F., Witman, G. B. (2007). Chlamydomonas reinhardtii hydin is a central pair protein required for flagellar motility. JCB 176: 473-482 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lyons, R.A., Saridogan, E., Djahanbakhch, O. (2006). The reproductive significance of human Fallopian tube cilia. Hum Reprod Update 12: 363-372 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Geimer, S., Melkonian, M. (2005). Centrin Scaffold in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Revealed by Immunoelectron Microscopy. Eukaryot Cell 4: 1253-1263 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hou, Y., Pazour, G. J., Witman, G. B. (2004). A Dynein Light Intermediate Chain, D1bLIC, Is Required for Retrograde Intraflagellar Transport. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 4382-4394 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Geimer, S., Melkonian, M. (2004). The ultrastructure of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii basal apparatus: identification of an early marker of radial asymmetry inherent in the basal body. J. Cell Sci. 117: 2663-2674 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wirschell, M., Pazour, G., Yoda, A., Hirono, M., Kamiya, R., Witman, G. B. (2004). Oda5p, a Novel Axonemal Protein Required for Assembly of the Outer Dynein Arm and an Associated Adenylate Kinase. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 2729-2741 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wargo, M. J., McPeek, M. A., Smith, E. F. (2004). Analysis of microtubule sliding patterns in Chlamydomonas flagellar axonemes reveals dynein activity on specific doublet microtubules. J. Cell Sci. 117: 2533-2544 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Casey, D. M., Inaba, K., Pazour, G. J., Takada, S., Wakabayashi, K.-i., Wilkerson, C. G., Kamiya, R., Witman, G. B. (2003). DC3, the 21-kDa Subunit of the Outer Dynein Arm-Docking Complex (ODA-DC), Is a Novel EF-Hand Protein Important for Assembly of Both the Outer Arm and the ODA-DC. Mol. Biol. Cell 14: 3650-3663 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• O'Toole, E. T., Giddings, T. H., McIntosh, J. R., Dutcher, S. K. (2003). Three-dimensional Organization of Basal Bodies from Wild-Type and {delta}-Tubulin Deletion Strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol. Biol. Cell 14: 2999-3012 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Silflow, C. D., Lefebvre, P. A. (2001). Assembly and Motility of Eukaryotic Cilia and Flagella. Lessons from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 127: 1500-1507 [Full Text]  
• San Agustin, J. T., Witman, G. B. (2001). Differential Expression of the Cs and C{{alpha}}1 Isoforms of the Catalytic Subunit of Cyclic 3',5'-Adenosine Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase Testicular Cells. Biol. Reprod. 65: 151-164 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Silflow, C. D., LaVoie, M., Tam, L.-W., Tousey, S., Sanders, M., Wu, W.-c., Borodovsky, M., Lefebvre, P. A. (2001). The Vfl1 Protein in Chlamydomonas Localizes in a Rotationally Asymmetric Pattern at the Distal Ends of the Basal Bodies. JCB 153: 63-74 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pazour, G., Dickert, B., Vucica, , Seeley, E., Rosenbaum, J., Witman, G., Cole, D. (2000). Chlamydomonas IFT88 and Its Mouse Homologue, Polycystic Kidney Disease Gene Tg737, Are Required for Assembly of Cilia and Flagella. JCB 151: 709-718 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lamb, M. R., Dutcher, S. K., Worley, C. K., Dieckmann, C. L. (1999). Eyespot-Assembly Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Genetics 153: 721-729 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pazour, G. J., Koutoulis, A., Benashski, S. E., Dickert, B. L., Sheng, H., Patel-King, R. S., King, S. M., Witman, G. B. (1999). LC2, the Chlamydomonas Homologue of the t Complex-encoded Protein Tctex2, Is Essential for Outer Dynein Arm Assembly. Mol. Biol. Cell 10: 3507-3520 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pazour, G. J., Dickert, B. L., Witman, G. B. (1999). The DHC1b (DHC2) Isoform of Cytoplasmic Dynein Is Required for Flagellar Assembly. JCB 144: 473-481 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mitchell, D. R., Sale, W. S. (1999). Characterization of a Chlamydomonas Insertional Mutant that Disrupts Flagellar Central Pair Microtubule-associated Structures. JCB 144: 293-304 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pazour, G. J., Wilkerson, C. G., Witman, G. B. (1998). A Dynein Light Chain Is Essential for the Retrograde Particle Movement of Intraflagellar Transport (IFT). JCB 141: 979-992 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Koutoulis, A., Pazour, G. J., Wilkerson, C. G., Inaba, K., Sheng, H., Takada, S., Witman, G. B. (1997). The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ODA3 Gene Encodes a Protein of the Outer Dynein Arm Docking Complex. JCB 137: 1069-1080 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mitchell, D., Kang, Y (1993). Reversion analysis of dynein intermediate chain function. J. Cell Sci. 105: 1069-1078 [Abstract]  
• Hoops, H. (1993). Flagellar, cellular and organismal polarity in Volvox carteri. J. Cell Sci. 104: 105-117 [Abstract]  

Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search | Table of Contents