Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search | Table of Contents

This Article Abstract PDF (Full Text) Alert me when this article is cited Citation Map Services Email this article Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new content in the JCB Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Nabi, I. R. Articles by Le, P. U. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Nabi, I. R. Articles by Le, P. U. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7

Address correspondence to Dr. Ivan R. Nabi, Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale A, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7. Tel.: (514) 343-6291. Fax: (514) 343-2459. E-mail: ivan.robert.nabi{at}umontreal.ca

	Abstract

Top Abstract Introduction Endocytosis of caveolae/raft... Morphologically equivalent... Caveolin-1 stabilizes the cell... Sorting in caveolae/raft... Conclusion References

 
Although caveolae are well-characterized subdomains of glycolipid rafts, their distinctive morphology and association with caveolins has led to their internalization being considered different from that of rafts. In this review, we propose that caveolae and rafts are internalized via a common pathway, caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis, defined by its clathrin independence, dynamin dependence, and sensitivity to cholesterol depletion. The regulatory role of caveolin-1 and ligand sorting in this complex endocytic pathway are specifically addressed.

Key Words: endocytosis; caveolae; glycolipid rafts; caveolin; dynamin

^* Abbreviations used in this paper: AMF, autocrine motility factor; CTX, cholera toxin; dynK44A, dynamin K44A mutant.

	Introduction

Top Abstract Introduction Endocytosis of caveolae/raft... Morphologically equivalent... Caveolin-1 stabilizes the cell... Sorting in caveolae/raft... Conclusion References

 
Clathrin-independent endocytosis includes the constitutive pinocytotic pathway as well as endocytosis mediated by caveolae and glycolipid rafts. Glycolipid rafts are detergent-insoluble, low-density membrane fractions that are rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids; caveolae are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich smooth invaginations of the plasma membrane that partition into raft fractions and whose expression is associated with caveolin-1. Caveolae are therefore a subdomain of the biochemically defined glycolipid raft (Anderson, 1998; Kurzchalia and Parton, 1999). The consequent sensitivity of endocytosis, via both caveolae and rafts, to nonacute cholesterol depletion with agents such as filipin, nystatin, or methyl-ß-cyclodextrin distinguishes these pathways from both the clathrin-dependent and constitutive pinocytotic pathways. Caveolae and raft pathways mediate the internalization of sphingolipids and sphingolipid binding toxins (cholera toxin [CTX]^* and shiga toxin), GPI-anchored proteins, the autocrine motility factor (AMF), endothelin, growth hormone, and IL2 receptors, viruses (including SV40), and bacteria (Nichols and Lippincott-Schwartz, 2001; Duncan et al., 2002; Johannes and Lamaze, 2002; Pelkmans and Helenius, 2002; Conner and Schmid, 2003).

The GTPase activity of dynamin is required for the budding of caveolae from purified endothelial plasma membranes (Oh et al., 1998). Microinjection of antidynamin antibodies, or expression of a dominant–negative dynamin K44A mutant (dynK44A) deficient in GTP hydrolysis, prevents the caveolae- and raft-mediated internalization of various molecules (Henley et al., 1998; Dessy et al., 2000; Lamaze et al., 2001; Puri et al., 2001; Le et al., 2002; Pelkmans et al., 2002; Le and Nabi, 2003). In contrast, a defining feature of the pinocytotic pathway is its insensitivity to dynamin inhibition (Damke et al., 1994; Llorente et al., 1998; Contamin et al., 2000; Sabharanjak et al., 2002). The caveolae- and raft-dependent pathways are therefore characterized by a common sensitivity to cholesterol depletion and inhibition of dynamin function.

Few to no caveolae are present in cells in which caveolin-1 expression levels are significantly reduced or absent, and the reintroduction of caveolin-1 into these cells induces the formation of caveolae at the plasma membrane (Fra et al., 1995; and others). A central dogma of the caveolae/glycolipid raft field, therefore, has been that the invaginated flask-shaped morphology of caveolae is a specific consequence of the association of caveolin-1 with select raft domains. However, even in the absence of caveolin, the internalization of rafts must invoke the invagination and budding of a vesicular structure that is cholesterol and sphingolipid rich and necessarily related to caveolae. The commonly accepted view that caveolae and rafts mediate distinct endocytic pathways ignores the extensive fundamental similarities between these two processes. In this review, we argue that caveolae and rafts mediate a common endocytic pathway, caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis, defined by its clathrin independence, dynamin dependence, sensitivity to cholesterol depletion, and the morphology and lipid composition of the vesicular intermediate.

	Endocytosis of caveolae/raft domains

Top Abstract Introduction Endocytosis of caveolae/raft... Morphologically equivalent... Caveolin-1 stabilizes the cell... Sorting in caveolae/raft... Conclusion References

 
The internalization of caveolae is facilitated by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, inhibited by the kinase inhibitors staurosporine and genistein, and enhanced by the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and vanadate (Parton et al., 1994; Pelkmans et al., 2001; Mundy et al., 2002; Nichols, 2002; Pelkmans et al., 2002; Thomsen et al., 2002). SV40 binding to the cell surface activates a tyrosine kinase–based signaling cascade, disrupting the local actin cytoskeleton, and recruiting dynamin II to the site of internalization where it is endocytosed together with caveolin-1-GFP (Pelkmans et al., 2002). Albumin binding to its receptor, gp60, triggers caveolae endocytosis via a Gi-coupled src kinase–mediated pathway (Minshall et al., 2000). Caveolin-1 interaction with gp60 is required for albumin uptake, and albumin uptake is inhibited in caveolin-1 null cells (Minshall et al., 2000; Razani et al., 2001). The internalization of some caveolar ligands is, therefore, a signal-mediated process that requires caveolin-1 expression.

However, internalization of other caveolae/raft ligands occurs independently of caveolin expression. For instance, AMF follows an essentially equivalent cholesterol- and dynamin-dependent pathway to the ER in caveolin-expressing NIH-3T3 cells as well as in transformed NIH-3T3 cells that express little caveolin and few cell surface caveolae (Benlimame et al., 1998; Le et al., 2002). Internalization of CTX via caveolae to the Golgi apparatus is cholesterol sensitive and occurs via a caveolin-1–positive endosomal intermediate (Parton et al., 1994; Henley et al., 1998; Nichols et al., 2001; Puri et al., 2001; Nichols, 2002; Wolf et al., 2002; Le and Nabi, 2003). At the same time, CTX is internalized via a filipin sensitive "raft" pathway in CaCo-2 cells and jurkat lymphoma cells that do not express caveolin-1 (Orlandi and Fishman, 1998). Furthermore, reduction of caveolin-1 expression in Cos-7 cells with RNAi does not prevent CTX delivery to the Golgi (Nichols, 2002). Due to the absence of caveolae in caveolin-deficient cells and of a defined vesicular intermediate for the raft pathway, the common nature of these two pathways has gained only limited acceptance.

	Morphologically equivalent vesicles mediate endocytosis of caveolae and rafts

Top Abstract Introduction Endocytosis of caveolae/raft... Morphologically equivalent... Caveolin-1 stabilizes the cell... Sorting in caveolae/raft... Conclusion References

 
In lymphocytes that do not express caveolin, cross-linked GPI-anchored proteins cluster in smooth vesicles morphologically equivalent to caveolae before endocytosis (Deckert et al., 1996). Expression of dynK44A in abl-transformed NIH-3T3 cells that express little caveolin and few caveolae results in the expression of smooth invaginations that are morphologically indistinguishable from caveolae induced in the same cells by expression of caveolin-1 (Fig. 1). The dynK44A-induced smooth invaginations are derived from cholesterol-rich glycolipid raft domains as they are not present in cells treated with methyl-ß-cyclodextrin (Le et al., 2002). The fact that these "caveolae" can only be visualized when budding is inhibited indicates that, upon invagination, they exhibit a limited residence time at the plasma membrane. Instability of invaginated rafts at the plasma membrane would necessarily limit morphological detection of these structures, especially in ultrathin electron microscopy sections that represent but a fraction of the total plasma membrane surface. The extent to which, in the absence of caveolin-1, invagination and budding are intrinsic properties of the raft domain remains to be determined. Ligand binding and antibody cross-linking may serve not only to recruit receptors to rafts but also contribute to the formation and internalization of these domains (Parton et al., 1994; Deckert et al., 1996; Verkade et al., 2000; Lamaze et al., 2001; Fivaz et al., 2002).

View larger version (117K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Expression of dynaminK44A or caveolin-1 results in the formation of morphologically equivalent caveolar invaginations. v-abl-transformed NIH-3T3 cells that exhibit minimal caveolin expression and few cell surface caveolae were infected with adenoviruses coding for either the dynamin K44A mutant (dynK44A) or caveolin-1 (cav-1), and the cells were then processed for electron microscopy. For details, see Le et al., 2002.

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Caveolae/raft-mediated endocytosis. (A) The cholesterol-dependent invagination of glycolipid rafts occurs independently of caveolin-1 expression and results in the formation of caveolar invaginations that remain only transiently associated with the plasma membrane. Caveolin-1 is a negative regulator of the budding of caveolar invaginations, and caveolin-1–expressing stable cell surface caveolae can become endocytosis competent aftert specific signaling events. Caveolar invaginations bud in a dynamin-dependent manner from the plasma membrane to form caveolar vesicles. (B) COP- dependent pathways target CTX (blue) and SV40 (green) via the caveosome for delivery to the Golgi and ER, respectively, whereas AMF (red) is targeted via a distinct pathway that is apparently direct to the ER. CTX and SV40 could alternatively be targeted to a common caveosome (gray) and subsequently segregated for delivery to the Golgi and ER, respectively (dashed lines).

	Caveolin-1 stabilizes the cell surface expression of raft domains

Top Abstract Introduction Endocytosis of caveolae/raft... Morphologically equivalent... Caveolin-1 stabilizes the cell... Sorting in caveolae/raft... Conclusion References

Association of caveolin-1 with raft domains may act as a lock that regulates their dynamic constitutive endocytosis and that can be opened by specific signaling events. If so, ligand internalization via caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis may be signal mediated in cells expressing caveolin-1 but not in cells exhibiting minimal caveolin-1 expression levels. Caveolin may act by regulating the cholesterol content of raft domains (Roy et al., 1999), by retarding the dynamin-dependent budding of caveolae (Henley et al., 1998; Oh et al., 1998; Le et al., 2002), or by sequestering signaling molecules, such as G proteins, required for caveolae/raft internalization (Minshall et al., 2000; Oh and Schnitzer, 2001). Increasing caveolin-1 association with individual raft domain levels may progressively reduce their endocytic potential. Alternatively, the requirement of a threshold level of cholesterol for caveolae invagination (Hailstones et al., 1998) suggests that a threshold level of caveolin-1 association with individual rafts may be required to stabilize the plasma membrane association of caveolae. The latter possibility envisions the existence within the same cell of dynamic, highly endocytic raft domains as well as more stable, plasma membrane-associated, less endocytic caveolae (van Deurs et al., 2003).

	Sorting in caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis

Top Abstract Introduction Endocytosis of caveolae/raft... Morphologically equivalent... Caveolin-1 stabilizes the cell... Sorting in caveolae/raft... Conclusion References

 
Caveolae and rafts represent highly heterogeneous populations of functionally distinct membrane domains (Maxfield, 2002). Multiple raft-associated proteins may therefore serve to segregate and define raft domains that exhibit differential endocytic capacities. The existence of multiple caveolin-1 binding partners (Liu et al., 2002) implicates caveolin-1 as a scaffolding molecule that determines the cargo for caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis. Caveolae/raft ligands are also internalized by other endocytic pathways. For instance, cholera, shiga, and anthrax toxins bind to cell surface raft domains and yet are internalized via clathrin-dependent pathways (Sandvig et al., 1989; Shogomori and Futerman, 2001; Abrami et al., 2003). Raft association cannot therefore be considered a criterion in and of itself for internalization via the caveolae/raft-dependent pathway.

Two caveolar ligands, SV40 and CTX, are delivered to a caveolin-1–positive endocytic compartment or caveosome (Parton et al., 1994; Pelkmans et al., 2001; Nichols, 2002). The caveosome is distinguished from the early endosome by its neutral pH and by the expression of caveolin-1 (Pelkmans et al., 2001). Whether the caveosome is a fusion station for budding caveolar vesicles or rather a sorting site is not yet clear. Distinct caveolin-1–positive endocytic structures are labeled for SV40 and CTX (Nichols, 2002), suggesting that sorting of these two caveolar ligands for delivery to the Golgi and ER, respectively, may occur before delivery to distinct endosomal populations. Although SV40 has been reported to be targeted to the ER without traversing the Golgi (Kartenbeck et al., 1989), the intracellular targeting of both SV40 and CTX is COP-mediated (Norkin et al., 2002; Richards et al., 2002). CTX and SV40 could conceivably take the same retrograde route to the ER with significantly different resident times in the Golgi. Alternatively, sorting of these two ligands may occur either at the plasma membrane, targeting different caveosome populations, or via segregation within the caveosome, resulting in different intracellular targeting routes (Fig. 2 B).

Interestingly, although treatment with the microtubule-depolymerizing agent nocodazole, brefeldin A, or a 20°C temperature block disrupts the delivery of CTX and/or SV40 to the Golgi and ER, respectively (Pelkmans et al., 2001; Norkin et al., 2002; Richards et al., 2002), none of these treatments affects AMF delivery to the smooth ER. Furthermore, AMF and CTX internalized via caveolae/raft-dependent pathways do not localize to common intracellular compartments (Le and Nabi, 2003). Endocytic ligands can therefore be sorted at the plasma membrane to different caveolae/raft domains for internalization to distinct intracellular compartments, including an apparently direct route to the ER (Fig. 2 B). Segregation of caveolar endocytic cargo has also been demonstrated in endothelial cells in which albumin and insulin are localized to distinct caveolae populations (Bendayan and Rasio, 1996). The multiple mechanisms that exist to regulate recruitment to caveolae/raft domains may also serve to segregate and sort lipids and proteins to functionally distinct raft domains that follow varied intracellular targeting pathways.

	Conclusion

Top Abstract Introduction Endocytosis of caveolae/raft... Morphologically equivalent... Caveolin-1 stabilizes the cell... Sorting in caveolae/raft... Conclusion References

 
Caveolae- and raft-mediated endocytosis therefore represent essentially equivalent clathrin-independent, dynamin-dependent, cholesterol-sensitive endocytic routes with similar ligand specificity and morphology of the vesicular intermediate. Caveolin-1 acts not as a determinant of caveolae invagination and internalization but rather as a regulator that stabilizes caveolae at the plasma membrane and reduces the endocytic potential of caveolae/raft domains. The existence of distinct endocytic routes for caveolae/raft-internalized ligands demonstrates that raft heterogeneity at the plasma membrane functionally segregates raft-associated proteins and lipids to generate distinct caveolar vesicles. Although caveolins are certainly implicated in this sorting event, other factors yet to be identified are necessarily determinants of the formation, endocytic potential, and intracellular targeting of raft domains.

	Acknowledgments

 
We thank Yoram Altschuler for the adenoviruses encoding dynK44A and caveolin-1 and Ginette Guay for her technical assistance with the electron microscopy.

This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). I.R. Nabi is a CIHR Investigator.

Submitted: 5 February 2003

Revised: 29 April 2003

Accepted: 30 April 2003

	References

Top Abstract Introduction Endocytosis of caveolae/raft... Morphologically equivalent... Caveolin-1 stabilizes the cell... Sorting in caveolae/raft... Conclusion References

 

Abrami, L., S. Liu, P. Cosson, S.H. Leppla, and F.G. van der Goot. 2003. Anthrax toxin triggers endocytosis of its receptor via a lipid raft-mediated clathrin-dependent process. J. Cell Biol. 160:321–328.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Anderson, R.G. 1998. The caveolae membrane system. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67:199–225.[CrossRef][Medline]

Bendayan, M., and E.A. Rasio. 1996. Transport of insulin and albumin by the microvascular endothelium of the rete mirabile. J. Cell Sci. 109:1857–1864.[Abstract]

Benlimame, N., P.U. Le, and I.R. Nabi. 1998. Localization of autocrine motility factor receptor to caveolae and clathrin-independent internalization of its ligand to smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Mol. Biol. Cell. 9:1773–1786.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Conner, S.D., and S.L. Schmid. 2003. Regulated portals of entry into the cell. Nature. 422:37–44.[CrossRef][Medline]

Contamin, S., A. Galmiche, A. Doye, G. Flatau, A. Benmerah, and P. Boquet. 2000. The p21 Rho-activating toxin cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 is endocytosed by a clathrin-independent mechanism and enters the cytosol by an acidic-dependent membrane translocation step. Mol. Biol. Cell. 11:1775–1787.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Damke, H., T. Baba, D.E. Warnock, and S.L. Schmid. 1994. Induction of mutant dynamin specifically blocks endocytic coated vesicle formation. J. Cell Biol. 127:915–934.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Deckert, M., M. Ticchioni, and A. Bernard. 1996. Endocytosis of GPI-anchored proteins in human lymphocytes: role of glycolipid-based domains, actin cytoskeleton, and protein kinases. J. Cell Biol. 133:791–799.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Dessy, C., R.A. Kelly, J.-L. Balligand, and O. Feron. 2000. Dynamin mediates caveolar sequestration of muscarinic cholinergic receptors and alteration in NO signaling. EMBO J. 19:4272–4280.[CrossRef][Medline]

Drab, M., P. Verkade, M. Elger, M. Kasper, M. Lohn, B. Lauterbach, J. Menne, C. Lindschau, F. Mende, F.C. Luft, et al. 2001. Loss of caveolae, vascular dysfunction, and pulmonary defects in caveolin-1 gene-disrupted mice. Science. 293:2449–2452.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Duncan, M.J., J.S. Shin, and S.N. Abraham. 2002. Microbial entry through caveolae: variations on a theme. Cell Microbiol. 4:783–791.[CrossRef][Medline]

Fivaz, M., F. Vilbois, S. Thurnheer, C. Pasquali, L. Abrami, P.E. Bickel, R.G. Parton, and F.G. van der Goot. 2002. Differential sorting and fate of endocytosed GPI-anchored proteins. EMBO J. 21:3989–4000.[CrossRef][Medline]

Fra, A.M., E. Williamson, K. Simons, and R.G. Parton. 1995. De novo formation of caveolae in lymphocytes by expression of VIP21-caveolin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:8655–8659.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Hailstones, D., L.S. Sleer, R.G. Parton, and K.K. Stanley. 1998. Regulation of caveolin and caveolae by cholesterol in MDCK cells. J. Lipid Res. 39:369–379.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Henley, J.R., E.W. Krueger, B.J. Oswald, and M.A. McNiven. 1998. Dynamin-mediated internalization of caveolae. J. Cell Biol. 141:85–99.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Johannes, L., and C. Lamaze. 2002. Clathrin-dependent or not: is it still the question? Traffic. 3:443–451.[CrossRef][Medline]

Kartenbeck, J., H. Stukenbrok, and A. Helenius. 1989. Endocytosis of simian virus 40 into the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Cell Biol. 109:2721–2729.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Kurzchalia, T.V., and R.G. Parton. 1999. Membrane microdomains and caveolae. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11:424–431.[CrossRef][Medline]

Lamaze, C., A. Dujeancourt, T. Baba, C.G. Lo, A. Benmerah, and A. Dautry-Varsat. 2001. Interleukin 2 receptors and detergent-resistant membrane domains define a clathrin-independent endocytic pathway. Mol. Cell. 7:661–671.[CrossRef][Medline]

Le, P.U., G. Guay, Y. Altschuler, and I.R. Nabi. 2002. Caveolin-1 is a negative regulator of caveolae-mediated endocytosis to the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem. 277:3371–3379.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Le, P.U., and I.R. Nabi. 2003. Distinct caveolae-mediated endocytic pathways target the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Cell Sci. 116:1059–1071.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Liu, P., M. Rudick, and R.G. Anderson. 2002. Multiple functions of caveolin-1. J. Biol. Chem. 277:41295–41298.[Free Full Text]

Llorente, A., A. Rapak, S.L. Schmid, B. van Deurs, and K. Sandvig. 1998. Expression of mutant dynamin inhibits toxicity and transport of endocytosed ricin to the Golgi apparatus. J. Cell Biol. 140:553–563.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Maxfield, F.R. 2002. Plasma membrane microdomains. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14:483–487.[CrossRef][Medline]

Minshall, R.D., C. Tiruppathi, S.M. Vogel, W.D. Niles, A. Gilchrist, H.E. Hamm, and A.B. Malik. 2000. Endothelial cell-surface gp60 activates vesicle formation and trafficking via Gi-coupled Src kinase signaling pathway. J. Cell Biol. 150:1057–1070.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Mundy, D.I., T. Machleidt, Y.-s. Ying, R.G.W. Anderson, and G.S. Bloom. 2002. Dual control of caveolar membrane traffic by microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. J. Cell Sci. 115:4327–4339.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Nichols, B.J. 2002. A distinct class of endosome mediates clathrin-independent endocytosis to the Golgi complex. Nat. Cell Biol. 4:374–378.[Medline]

Nichols, B.J., A.K. Kenworthy, R.S. Polishchuk, R. Lodge, T.H. Roberts, K. Hirschberg, R.D. Phair, and J. Lippincott-Schwartz. 2001. Rapid cycling of lipid raft markers between the cell surface and Golgi complex. J. Cell Biol. 153:529–542.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Nichols, B.J., and J. Lippincott-Schwartz. 2001. Endocytosis without clathrin coats. Trends Cell Biol. 11:406–412.[CrossRef][Medline]

Norkin, L.C., H.A. Anderson, S.A. Wolfrom, and A. Oppenheim. 2002. Caveolar endocytosis of simian virus 40 is followed by brefeldin A-sensitive transport to the endoplasmic reticulum, where the virus disassembles. J. Virol. 76:5156–5166.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Oh, P., D.P. McIntosh, and J.E. Schnitzer. 1998. Dynamin at the neck of caveolae mediates their budding to form transport vesicles by GTP-driven fission from the plasma membrane of endothelium. J. Cell Biol. 141:101–114.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Oh, P., and J.E. Schnitzer. 2001. Segregation of heterotrimeric G proteins in cell surface microdomains. G(q) binds caveolin to concentrate in caveolae, whereas G(i) and G(s) target lipid rafts by default. Mol. Biol. Cell. 12:685–698.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Orlandi, P.A., and P.H. Fishman. 1998. Filipin-dependent inhibition of cholera toxin: evidence for toxin internalization and activation through caveolae-like domains. J. Cell Biol. 141:905–915.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Parton, R.G., B. Joggerst, and K. Simons. 1994. Regulated internalization of caveolae. J. Cell Biol. 127:1199–1215.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Pelkmans, L., and A. Helenius. 2002. Endocytosis via caveolae. Traffic. 3:311–320.[CrossRef][Medline]

Pelkmans, L., J. Kartenbeck, and A. Helenius. 2001. Caveolar endocytosis of simian virus 40 reveals a new two-step vesicular-transport pathway to the ER. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:473–483.[CrossRef][Medline]

Pelkmans, L., D. Puntener, and A. Helenius. 2002. Local actin polymerization and dynamin recruitment in SV40-induced internalization of caveolae. Science. 296:535–539.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Puri, V., R. Watanabe, R.D. Singh, M. Dominguez, J.C. Brown, C.L. Wheatley, D.L. Marks, and R.E. Pagano. 2001. Clathrin-dependent and -independent internalization of plasma membrane sphingolipids initiates two Golgi targeting pathways. J. Cell Biol. 154:535–548.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Razani, B., J.A. Engelman, X.B. Wang, W. Schubert, X.L. Zhang, C.B. Marks, F. Macaluso, R.G. Russell, M. Li, R.G. Pestell, et al. 2001. Caveolin-1 null mice are viable but show evidence of hyperproliferative and vascular abnormalities. J. Biol. Chem. 276:38121–38138.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Richards, A.A., E. Stang, R. Pepperkok, and R.G. Parton. 2002. Inhibitors of COP-mediated transport and cholera toxin action inhibit simian virus 40 infection. Mol. Biol. Cell. 13:1750–1764.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Roy, S., R. Luetterforst, A. Harding, A. Apolloni, M. Etheridge, E. Stang, B. Rolls, J.F. Hancock, and R.G. Parton. 1999. Dominant-negative caveolin inhibits H-Ras function by disrupting cholesterol-rich plasma membrane domains. Nat. Cell Biol. 1:98–105.[CrossRef][Medline]

Sabharanjak, S., P. Sharma, R.G. Parton, and S. Mayor. 2002. GPI-anchored proteins are delivered to recycling endosomes via a distinct cdc42-regulated, clathrin-independent pinocytic pathway. Dev. Cell. 2:411–423.[CrossRef][Medline]

Sandvig, K., S. Olsnes, J.E. Brown, O.W. Petersen, and B. van Deurs. 1989. Endocytosis from coated pits of Shiga toxin: a glycolipid-binding protein from Shigella dysenteriae 1. J. Cell Biol. 108:1331–1343.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Shogomori, H., and A.H. Futerman. 2001. Cholera toxin is found in detergent-insoluble rafts/domains at the cell surface of hippocampal neurons but is internalized via a raft-independent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 276:9182–9188.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Thomsen, P., K. Roepstorff, M. Stahlhut, and B. van Deurs. 2002. Caveolae are highly immobile plasma membrane microdomains, which are not involved in constitutive endocytic trafficking. Mol. Biol. Cell. 13:238–250.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

van Deurs, B., K. Roepstorff, A.M. Hommelgaard, and K. Sandvig. 2003. Caveolae: anchored, multifunctional platforms in the lipid ocean. Trends Cell Biol. 13:92–100.[CrossRef][Medline]

Verkade, P., T. Harder, F. Lafont, and K. Simons. 2000. Induction of caveolae in the apical plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J. Cell Biol. 148:727–739.

Wolf, A.A., Y. Fujinaga, and W.I. Lencer. 2002. Uncoupling of the cholera toxin-G(M1) ganglioside receptor complex from endocytosis, retrograde Golgi trafficking, and downstream signal transduction by depletion of membrane cholesterol. J. Biol. Chem. 277:16249–16256.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Zhao, Y.-Y., Y. Liu, R.-V. Stan, L. Fan, Y. Gu, N. Dalton, P.-H. Chu, K. Peterson, J. Ross, Jr., and K.R. Chien. 2002. Defects in caveolin-1 cause dilated cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension in knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:11375–11380.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

CiteULike

Complore

Connotea

Del.icio.us

Digg

Reddit

Technorati

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Kusakari, S., Ohnishi, H., Jin, F.-J., Kaneko, Y., Murata, T., Murata, Y., Okazawa, H., Matozaki, T. (2008). Trans-endocytosis of CD47 and SHPS-1 and its role in regulation of the CD47-SHPS-1 system. J. Cell Sci. 121: 1213-1223 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hernandez-Deviez, D. J., Howes, M. T., Laval, S. H., Bushby, K., Hancock, J. F., Parton, R. G. (2008). Caveolin Regulates Endocytosis of the Muscle Repair Protein, Dysferlin. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 6476-6488 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Collings, D. A., Gebbie, L. K., Howles, P. A., Hurley, U. A., Birch, R. J., Cork, A. H., Hocart, C. H., Arioli, T., Williamson, R. E. (2008). Arabidopsis dynamin-like protein DRP1A: a null mutant with widespread defects in endocytosis, cellulose synthesis, cytokinesis, and cell expansion. J Exp Bot 0: erm324v1-erm324 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nohe, A., Petersen, N. O. (2007). Image Correlation Spectroscopy. Sci Signal 2007: pl7-pl7 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gonzalez, M. I., Krizman-Genda, E., Robinson, M. B. (2007). Caveolin-1 Regulates the Delivery and Endocytosis of the Glutamate Transporter, Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 29855-29865 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kojic, L. D., Joshi, B., Lajoie, P., Le, P. U., Cox, M. E., Turbin, D. A., Wiseman, S. M., Nabi, I. R. (2007). Raft-dependent Endocytosis of Autocrine Motility Factor Is Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-dependent in Breast Carcinoma Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 29305-29313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Predescu, S. A., Predescu, D. N., Malik, A. B. (2007). Molecular determinants of endothelial transcytosis and their role in endothelial permeability. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 293: L823-L842 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nishi, K., Saigo, K. (2007). Cellular Internalization of Green Fluorescent Protein Fused with Herpes Simplex Virus Protein VP22 via a Lipid Raft-mediated Endocytic Pathway Independent of Caveolae and Rho Family GTPases but Dependent on Dynamin and Arf6. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 27503-27517 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Forbes, A., Wadehra, M., Mareninov, S., Morales, S., Shimazaki, K., Gordon, L. K., Braun, J. (2007). The Tetraspan Protein EMP2 Regulates Expression of Caveolin-1. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 26542-26551 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Carlsson, S., Carlsson, M. C, Leffler, H. (2007). Intracellular sorting of galectin-8 based on carbohydrate fine specificity. Glycobiology 17: 906-912 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kolokoltsov, A. A., Deniger, D., Fleming, E. H., Roberts, N. J. Jr., Karpilow, J. M., Davey, R. A. (2007). Small Interfering RNA Profiling Reveals Key Role of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Early Endosome Formation for Infection by Respiratory Syncytial Virus. J. Virol. 81: 7786-7800 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sankarshanan, M., Ma, Z., Iype, T., Lorenz, U. (2007). Identification of a Novel Lipid Raft-Targeting Motif in Src Homology 2-Containing Phosphatase 1. J. Immunol. 179: 483-490 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shiokawa, D., Matsushita, T., Shika, Y., Shimizu, M., Maeda, M., Tanuma, S.-i. (2007). DNase X Is a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Membrane Enzyme That Provides a Barrier to Endocytosis-mediated Transfer of a Foreign Gene. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 17132-17140 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mukoyama, Y., Utani, A., Matsui, S., Zhou, S., Miyachi, Y., Matsuyoshi, N. (2007). T-cadherin enhances cell-matrix adhesiveness by regulating {beta}1 integrin trafficking in cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells. GENES CELLS 12: 787-796 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Xiao, Z., Schmitz, F., Pricolo, V. E., Biancani, P., Behar, J. (2007). Role of caveolae in the pathogenesis of cholesterol-induced gallbladder muscle hypomotility. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 292: G1641-G1649 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shmuel, M., Nodel-Berner, E., Hyman, T., Rouvinski, A., Altschuler, Y. (2007). Caveolin 2 Regulates Endocytosis and Trafficking of the M1 Muscarinic Receptor in MDCK Epithelial Cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 18: 1570-1585 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Martinez-Moczygemba, M., Huston, D. P., Lei, J. T. (2007). JAK kinases control IL-5 receptor ubiquitination, degradation, and internalization. J. Leukoc. Biol. 81: 1137-1148 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ning, Y., Buranda, T., Hudson, L. G. (2007). Activated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Induces Integrin {alpha}2 Internalization via Caveolae/Raft-dependent Endocytic Pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 6380-6387 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Michihara, A., Toda, K., Suenobu, M., Akasaki, K., Tsuji, H. (2007). Decrease of Cholesterol in Mouse Melanoma Causes Secretion of Lysosomal Enzymes. J Biochem 141: 239-250 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kleine-Vehn, J., Dhonukshe, P., Swarup, R., Bennett, M., Friml, J. (2006). Subcellular Trafficking of the Arabidopsis Auxin Influx Carrier AUX1 Uses a Novel Pathway Distinct from PIN1. Plant Cell 18: 3171-3181 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mahata, B., Mukherjee, S., Mishra, S., Bandyopadhyay, A., Adhya, S. (2006). Functional Delivery of a Cytosolic tRNA into Mutant Mitochondria of Human Cells.. Science 314: 471-474 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, Y., Li, D., Fan, H., Tian, L., Zhong, Y., Zhang, Y., Yuan, L., Jin, C., Yin, C., Ma, D. (2006). Cellular Uptake of Exogenous Human PDCD5 Protein. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 24803-24817 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kalia, M., Kumari, S., Chadda, R., Hill, M. M., Parton, R. G., Mayor, S. (2006). Arf6-independent GPI-anchored Protein-enriched Early Endosomal Compartments Fuse with Sorting Endosomes via a Rab5/Phosphatidylinositol-3'-Kinase-dependent Machinery. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 3689-3704 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Garcion, E., Lamprecht, A., Heurtault, B., Paillard, A., Aubert-Pouessel, A., Denizot, B., Menei, P., Benoit, J.-P. (2006). A new generation of anticancer, drug-loaded, colloidal vectors reverses multidrug resistance in glioma and reduces tumor progression in rats.. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 5: 1710-1722 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cheng, Z.-J., Singh, R. D., Sharma, D. K., Holicky, E. L., Hanada, K., Marks, D. L., Pagano, R. E. (2006). Distinct Mechanisms of Clathrin-independent Endocytosis Have Unique Sphingolipid Requirements. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 3197-3210 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lu, X., Kambe, F., Cao, X., Yoshida, T., Ohmori, S., Murakami, K., Kaji, T., Ishii, T., Zadworny, D., Seo, H. (2006). DHCR24-Knockout Embryonic Fibroblasts Are Susceptible to Serum Withdrawal-Induced Apoptosis Because of Dysfunction of Caveolae and Insulin-Akt-Bad Signaling. Endocrinology 147: 3123-3132 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Malik, B., Price, S. R., Mitch, W. E., Yue, Q., Eaton, D. C. (2006). Regulation of epithelial sodium channels by the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 290: F1285-F1294 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Khan, E. M., Heidinger, J. M., Levy, M., Lisanti, M. P., Ravid, T., Goldkorn, T. (2006). Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exposed to Oxidative Stress Undergoes Src- and Caveolin-1-dependent Perinuclear Trafficking. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 14486-14493 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ramoino, P., Gallus, L., Beltrame, F., Diaspro, A., Fato, M., Rubini, P., Stigliani, S., Bonanno, G., Usai, C. (2006). Endocytosis of GABAB receptors modulates membrane excitability in the single-celled organism Paramecium. J. Cell Sci. 119: 2056-2064 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhao, H., Loh, H. H., Law, P. Y. (2006). Adenylyl Cyclase Superactivation Induced by Long-Term Treatment with Opioid Agonist Is Dependent on Receptor Localized within Lipid Rafts and Is Independent of Receptor Internalization. Mol. Pharmacol. 69: 1421-1432 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Parton, R. G., Hanzal-Bayer, M., Hancock, J. F. (2006). Biogenesis of caveolae: a structural model for caveolin-induced domain formation.. J. Cell Sci. 119: 787-796 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hyman, T., Shmuel, M., Altschuler, Y. (2006). Actin Is Required for Endocytosis at the Apical Surface of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells where ARF6 and Clathrin Regulate the Actin Cytoskeleton. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 427-437 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Golubkov, V. S., Chekanov, A. V., Doxsey, S. J., Strongin, A. Y. (2005). Centrosomal Pericentrin Is a Direct Cleavage Target of Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase in Humans but Not in Mice: POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR TUMORIGENESIS. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 42237-42241 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kasai, A., Shima, T., Okada, M. (2005). Role of Src family tyrosine kinases in the down-regulation of epidermal growth factor signaling in PC12 cells. GENES CELLS 10: 1175-1187 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sugama, J., Ohkubo, S., Atsumi, M., Nakahata, N. (2005). Mastoparan Changes the Cellular Localization of G{alpha}q/11 and G{beta} through Its Binding to Ganglioside in Lipid Rafts. Mol. Pharmacol. 68: 1466-1474 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lagana, A., Goetz, J. G., Y, N., Altschuler, Y., Nabi, I. R. (2005). pH-specific sequestration of phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor by fibronectin and heparan sulphate. J. Cell Sci. 118: 4175-4185 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Baumgart, T., Das, S., Webb, W. W., Jenkins, J. T. (2005). Membrane Elasticity in Giant Vesicles with Fluid Phase Coexistence. Biophys. J 89: 1067-1080 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tani-ichi, S., Maruyama, K., Kondo, N., Nagafuku, M., Kabayama, K., Inokuchi, J.-i., Shimada, Y., Ohno-Iwashita, Y., Yagita, H., Kawano, S., Kosugi, A. (2005). Structure and function of lipid rafts in human activated T cells. Int Immunol 17: 749-758 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Puri, C., Tosoni, D., Comai, R., Rabellino, A., Segat, D., Caneva, F., Luzzi, P., Di Fiore, P. P., Tacchetti, C. (2005). Relationships between EGFR Signaling-competent and Endocytosis-competent Membrane Microdomains. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 2704-2718 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cherubini, A., Hofmann, G., Pillozzi, S., Guasti, L., Crociani, O., Cilia, E., Di Stefano, P., Degani, S., Balzi, M., Olivotto, M., Wanke, E., Becchetti, A., Defilippi, P., Wymore, R., Arcangeli, A. (2005). Human ether-a-go-go-related Gene 1 Channels Are Physically Linked to {beta}1 Integrins and Modulate Adhesion-dependent Signaling. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 2972-2983 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shogomori, H., Hammond, A. T., Ostermeyer-Fay, A. G., Barr, D. J., Feigenson, G. W., London, E., Brown, D. A. (2005). Palmitoylation and Intracellular Domain Interactions Both Contribute to Raft Targeting of Linker for Activation of T Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 18931-18942 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Allen, J. A., Yu, J. Z., Donati, R. J., Rasenick, M. M. (2005). {beta}-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Promotes G{alpha}s Internalization through Lipid Rafts: A Study in Living Cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 67: 1493-1504 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zheng, H., Rowland, O., Kunst, L. (2005). Disruptions of the Arabidopsis Enoyl-CoA Reductase Gene Reveal an Essential Role for Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis in Cell Expansion during Plant Morphogenesis. Plant Cell 17: 1467-1481 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Walch, M., Eppler, E., Dumrese, C., Barman, H., Groscurth, P., Ziegler, U. (2005). Uptake of Granulysin via Lipid Rafts Leads to Lysis of Intracellular Listeria innocua. J. Immunol. 174: 4220-4227 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rose, J. J., Janvier, K., Chandrasekhar, S., Sekaly, R. P., Bonifacino, J. S., Venkatesan, S. (2005). CD4 Down-regulation by HIV-1 and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Nef Proteins Involves Both Internalization and Intracellular Retention Mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 7413-7426 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Monastyrskaya, K., Hostettler, A., Buergi, S., Draeger, A. (2005). The NK1 Receptor Localizes to the Plasma Membrane Microdomains, and Its Activation Is Dependent on Lipid Raft Integrity. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 7135-7146 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Houndolo, T., Boulay, P.-L., Claing, A. (2005). G Protein-coupled Receptor Endocytosis in ADP-ribosylation Factor 6-depleted Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 5598-5604 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sottile, J., Chandler, J. (2005). Fibronectin Matrix Turnover Occurs through a Caveolin-1-dependent Process. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 757-768 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Damm, E.-M., Pelkmans, L., Kartenbeck, J., Mezzacasa, A., Kurzchalia, T., Helenius, A. (2005). Clathrin- and caveolin-1-independent endocytosis: entry of simian virus 40 into cells devoid of caveolae. J. Cell Biol. 168: 477-488 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sauvonnet, N., Dujeancourt, A., Dautry-Varsat, A. (2005). Cortactin and dynamin are required for the clathrin-independent endocytosis of {gamma}c cytokine receptor. J. Cell Biol. 168: 155-163 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cocucci, E., Racchetti, G., Podini, P., Rupnik, M., Meldolesi, J. (2004). Enlargeosome, an Exocytic Vesicle Resistant to Nonionic Detergents, Undergoes Endocytosis via a Nonacidic Route. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 5356-5368 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhao, M., Wimmer, A., Trieu, K., DiScipio, R. G., Schraufstatter, I. U. (2004). Arrestin Regulates MAPK Activation and Prevents NADPH Oxidase-dependent Death of Cells Expressing CXCR2. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 49259-49267 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gilbert, J., Benjamin, T. (2004). Uptake Pathway of Polyomavirus via Ganglioside GD1a. J. Virol. 78: 12259-12267 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gianni, T., Campadelli-Fiume, G., Menotti, L. (2004). Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus Mediated by Chimeric Forms of Nectin1 Retargeted to Endosomes or to Lipid Rafts Occurs through Acidic Endosomes. J. Virol. 78: 12268-12276 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eash, S., Querbes, W., Atwood, W. J. (2004). Infection of Vero Cells by BK Virus Is Dependent on Caveolae. J. Virol. 78: 11583-11590 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Badizadegan, K., Wheeler, H. E., Fujinaga, Y., Lencer, W. I. (2004). Trafficking of cholera toxin-ganglioside GM1 complex into Golgi and induction of toxicity depend on actin cytoskeleton. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 287: C1453-C1462 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Trivedi, M., Narkar, V. A., Hussain, T., Lokhandwala, M. F. (2004). Dopamine recruits D1A receptors to Na-K-ATPase-rich caveolar plasma membranes in rat renal proximal tubules. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 287: F921-F931 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kamioka, Y., Fukuhara, S., Sawa, H., Nagashima, K., Masuda, M., Matsuda, M., Mochizuki, N. (2004). A Novel Dynamin-associating Molecule, Formin-binding Protein 17, Induces Tubular Membrane Invaginations and Participates in Endocytosis. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 40091-40099 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Van Minnebruggen, G., Favoreel, H. W., Nauwynck, H. J. (2004). Internalization of Pseudorabies Virus Glycoprotein B Is Mediated by an Interaction between the YQRL Motif in Its Cytoplasmic Domain and the Clathrin-Associated AP-2 Adaptor Complex. J. Virol. 78: 8852-8859 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Khine, A. A., Tam, P., Nutikka, A., Lingwood, C. A. (2004). Brefeldin A and filipin distinguish two globotriaosyl ceramide/verotoxin-1 intracellular trafficking pathways involved in Vero cell cytotoxicity. Glycobiology 14: 701-712 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Naslavsky, N., Weigert, R., Donaldson, J. G. (2004). Characterization of a Nonclathrin Endocytic Pathway: Membrane Cargo and Lipid Requirements. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 3542-3552 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Estall, J. L., Yusta, B., Drucker, D. J. (2004). Lipid Raft-dependent Glucagon-like Peptide-2 Receptor Trafficking Occurs Independently of Agonist-induced Desensitization. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 3673-3687 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rose, J. J., Foley, J. F., Murphy, P. M., Venkatesan, S. (2004). On the Mechanism and Significance of Ligand-induced Internalization of Human Neutrophil Chemokine Receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 24372-24386 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, F., Dufner-Beattie, J., Kim, B.-E., Petris, M. J., Andrews, G., Eide, D. J. (2004). Zinc-stimulated Endocytosis Controls Activity of the Mouse ZIP1 and ZIP3 Zinc Uptake Transporters. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 24631-24639 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nagahama, M., Yamaguchi, A., Hagiyama, T., Ohkubo, N., Kobayashi, K., Sakurai, J. (2004). Binding and Internalization of Clostridium perfringens Iota-Toxin in Lipid Rafts. Infect. Immun. 72: 3267-3275 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hueffer, K., Palermo, L. M., Parrish, C. R. (2004). Parvovirus Infection of Cells by Using Variants of the Feline Transferrin Receptor Altering Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis, Membrane Domain Localization, and Capsid-Binding Domains. J. Virol. 78: 5601-5611 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sneddon, W. B., Magyar, C. E., Willick, G. E., Syme, C. A., Galbiati, F., Bisello, A., Friedman, P. A. (2004). Ligand-Selective Dissociation of Activation and Internalization of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Receptor: Conditional Efficacy of PTH Peptide Fragments. Endocrinology 145: 2815-2823 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vendeville, A., Rayne, F., Bonhoure, A., Bettache, N., Montcourrier, P., Beaumelle, B. (2004). HIV-1 Tat Enters T Cells Using Coated Pits before Translocating from Acidified Endosomes and Eliciting Biological Responses. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 2347-2360 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stickney, J. T., Bacon, W. C., Rojas, M., Ratner, N., Ip, W. (2004). Activation of the Tumor Suppressor Merlin Modulates Its Interaction with Lipid Rafts. Cancer Res. 64: 2717-2724 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Smith, A. E., Helenius, A. (2004). How Viruses Enter Animal Cells. Science 304: 237-242 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ji, I., Lee, C., Jeoung, M., Koo, Y., Sievert, G. A., Ji, T. H. (2004). Trans-Activation of Mutant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptors Selectively Generates Only One of Two Hormone Signals. Mol. Endocrinol. 18: 968-978 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tang, W., Hemler, M. E. (2004). Caveolin-1 Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinases-1 Induction and CD147/EMMPRIN Cell Surface Clustering. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 11112-11118 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Burgos, P. V., Klattenhoff, C., de la Fuente, E., Rigotti, A., Gonzalez, A. (2004). Cholesterol depletion induces PKA-mediated basolateral-to-apical transcytosis of the scavenger receptor class B type I in MDCK cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 3845-3850 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Imelli, N., Meier, O., Boucke, K., Hemmi, S., Greber, U. F. (2004). Cholesterol Is Required for Endocytosis and Endosomal Escape of Adenovirus Type 2. J. Virol. 78: 3089-3098 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pang, H., Le, P. U., Nabi, I. R. (2004). Ganglioside GM1 levels are a determinant of the extent of caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis of cholera toxin to the Golgi apparatus. J. Cell Sci. 117: 1421-1430 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sanchez-San Martin, C., Lopez, T., Arias, C. F., Lopez, S. (2004). Characterization of Rotavirus Cell Entry. J. Virol. 78: 2310-2318 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kim, B.-E., Wang, F., Dufner-Beattie, J., Andrews, G. K., Eide, D. J., Petris, M. J. (2004). Zn2+-stimulated Endocytosis of the mZIP4 Zinc Transporter Regulates Its Location at the Plasma Membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 4523-4530 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nagafuku, M., Kabayama, K., Oka, D., Kato, A., Tani-ichi, S., Shimada, Y., Ohno-Iwashita, Y., Yamasaki, S., Saito, T., Iwabuchi, K., Hamaoka, T., Inokuchi, J.-i., Kosugi, A. (2003). Reduction of Glycosphingolipid Levels in Lipid Rafts Affects the Expression State and Function of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Proteins but Does Not Impair Signal Transduction via the T Cell Receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 51920-51927 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nichols, B. (2003). Caveosomes and endocytosis of lipid rafts. J. Cell Sci. 116: 4707-4714 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Minshall, R. D., Sessa, W. C., Stan, R. V., Anderson, R. G. W., Malik, A. B. (2003). Caveolin regulation of endothelial function. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 285: L1179-L1183 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zeng, Y., Tao, N., Chung, K.-N., Heuser, J. E., Lublin, D. M. (2003). Endocytosis of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein through Scavenger Receptor CD36 Utilizes a Lipid Raft Pathway That Does Not Require Caveolin-1. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 45931-45936 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Amraei, M., Jia, Z., Reboul, P., Nabi, I. R. (2003). Acid-induced Conformational Changes in Phosphoglucose Isomerase Result in Its Increased Cell Surface Association and Deposition on Fibronectin Fibrils. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 38935-38941 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

This Article Abstract PDF (Full Text) Alert me when this article is cited Citation Map Services Email this article Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new content in the JCB Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Nabi, I. R. Articles by Le, P. U. Search for Related Content