Published online April 9, 2007
doi:10.1083/jcb.200611141
The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 177, No. 1, 7-11
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $30.00
© 2007 Cumming et al.
Error bars in experimental biology
Geoff Cumming1,
Fiona Fidler1, and
David L. Vaux2
1 School of Psychological Science and 2 Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3086
David L. Vaux: (d.vaux{at}latrobe.edu.au). Correspondence may also be addressed to Geoff Cumming (g.cumming{at}latrobe.edu.au) or Fiona Fidler (f.fidler{at}latrobe.edu.au).
Error bars commonly appear in figures in publications, but experimental biologists are often unsure how they should be used and interpreted. In this article we illustrate some basic features of error bars and explain how they can help communicate data and assist correct interpretation. Error bars may show confidence intervals, standard errors, standard deviations, or other quantities. Different types of error bars give quite different information, and so figure legends must make clear what error bars represent. We suggest eight simple rules to assist with effective use and interpretation of error bars.

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