JCB Annotated Video Index
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Introduction

Mitosis

Cell cycle proteins

Fzy and Fzr cooperate to destroy cyclin B in flies

Chromosome dynamics

A motor helps holocentrics pull away from poles

Kinetochores switch to depolymerization at anaphase

The polar wind in action

Merotelic attachments are a major source of segregation errors

CENP-meta is a motor for maintaining chromosome alignment

Spindle checkpoint

Dynein shuts down the spindle checkpoint

Kinetochores may act as sites for catalytically sequestering checkpoint proteins

Spindle construction

Microtubule ejection thins out spindles

Dynein takes depolymerization to the poles

Kinetochore-nucleated microtubules help build spindles

Interphase microtubules are dragged into the spindle region during prophase

EB1-driven dynamics helps during spindle construction

Aurora-A is required for spindle assembly

Evidence for a possible spindle matrix

Skeletor as a candidate component of a spindle matrix

Daughter centrioles move and are then anchored

Centriolar satellites are transported towards centrosomes

Organelle partitioning

Mitochondrial replication factories

Myosin V may help partition the ER

Peroxisomes segregate using Myo2p

Golgi clusters partition during mitosis

Cytokinesis

No tetraploidy checkpoint

Minimal requirements for inducing cytokinesis

Rho activation during cytokinesis

Rings that promote cytokinesis

Centrosomes are needed for spindle orientation but not cytokinesis

Chloroplast FtsZ forms a ring at the division site

Nuclear structure

Chromosomes

TopoII α is mobile

The nuclear envelope may help retard origin firing

Nuclear pores

Nuclear pore complexes are fixed in place

Nucleoporins reassemble around post-mitotic chromatin

Nucleoli

Nucleolar re-formation after mitosis

Processing complexes may help reassemble nucleoli

Speckles

A splicing factor has limited mobility

Trafficking

ER to and from Golgi

Sar1 makes tubular ER export sites

Two distinct pathways from Golgi to ER: Rab6 and KDEL

Endosomes

Endosome to trans-Golgi traffic is vesicular

Recycling of endosomes by Arf6

Actin tails form behind motile endosomes and lysosomes

Lysosomes

Lysosomes repair the plasma membrane

Vam6p clusters and fuses lysosomes

Plasma membrane

A marker for sequential exocytosis

A myosin V moves yeast secretory vesicles

Rapid cycling of lipid rafts to and from the Golgi

Membrane docking at the immunological synapse requires Rab27a

Visualizing the location and dynamics of exocytosis

Caveolae

Caveolin helps traffic lipids

Axonal

Special microtubules for getting into axons

Retrograde transport in axons

Cytoskeleton

Wound healing

Using acid to close a wound

ARNO induces migration

Actomyosin flow, accumulation, and contraction heal a wound

Dorsal closure resembles wound healing

Actin

Microtubule and actin movements are coordinated

Actin-dependent picket fences slow diffusion in the plasma membrane

An actin fragment that relaxes myofibroblasts

A Rop GTPase controls pollen tube tip growth

Myosin

Myosin recruitment drives the distribution of nuclei in fly embryos

A sensor for the activity and abundance of MLCK

MLCK stimulates rapid contraction; Rho kinase stimulates sustained contraction

Microtubules

Tea1p rides on microtubule ends

Microtubule catastrophe under pressure

Dynactin and microtubules search out their organelle targets

Tea1p travels to cell ends and keeps polarity factors anchored there

Cytoplasmic microtubules position the nucleus

Cortex-microtubule interactions position the nucleus and spindle

Kinesin

KIFC3 and dynein cooperate in Golgi positioning

Kinesin's neck linker drives processive movement

Cell Movement

Determining direction of movement

Rafts to the front and back

Cdc42 focuses the direction of movement

Cells can move by either destroying or squeezing through the matrix

Electrotaxis uses a unique signal transduction pathway

RhoA helps pick up tails of moving cells

Making and remodeling adhesions

Splitting podosomes to make new adhesive contacts

Focal complexes behave differently at the front and back of the cell

HA and CD44 work together to form adhesion-filled protrusions

Actions of microtubules

Arg connects microtubules and actin to help protrusion

Microtubules target adhesions precisely

Microtubules make a persistent push to the front

Released microtubules dictate the direction of cell movement

Kinesin delivers a signal inhibiting adhesion sites

APC is deposited from microtubules at the cell surface to promote outgrowth

Microtubules deliver relaxing signals to contact sites


Leukocyte transmigration

A docking structure for transmigrating leukocytes

Tether durations needed for leukocyte attachment and rolling

Neurite outgrowth

NCAM traps machinery at new synapses

Actin and microtubule movements are coupled in growth cones

Growth cones grab sites that can withstand tension

PKC increases neurite growth by increasing microtubule growth

TI-VAMP is needed for neurite outgrowth

Cell adhesion

Adhesion is necessary for elongation

An adhesion protein for slime molds

Intermediate filaments help cells to hold together

Cell differentiation

Myo-endothelial progenitors isolated from muscle

Skeletal muscle cells can couple with heart muscle cells

Release of platelets from megakaryocytes

Frog Dishevelled is transported dorsally to specify dorsal fate

Apoptosis

Execution proteases

Caspase cleavage of GRASP65 helps fragment the Golgi during apoptosis

Cathepsin B can execute tumor cells

Mitochondria

Apoptotic cells show a transient loss in mitochondrial membrane potential

Protein degradation and stress responses

Ubiquitination

Misfolded proteins are actively transported into aggresomes

Autophagy

Apg5 helps form autophagosomes

Stress granules

Stress granule assembly is dynamic

Signaling

Mitochondria slow down for calcium

Activated Ras defines the front of chemotaxing cells

TCR signaling without a synapse

Stress induces oscillations

Pathogenesis

Dynein delivers HIV to the nucleus

Listeria use cellular engulfment machinery to invade neighboring cells

Organelle biogenesis

A dynamic Golgi is built from the ER

Extracellular matrix

Parallel fibropositors make for strong tendons

Calcium inhibition of AC6 allows formation of gaps between endothelial cells

Matrix meshes can be strapped together with small-scale forces

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